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��ࡱ�>��	PS����O�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������y�	���%bjbj��	4:�{�{���������**������������8�$�4��+J((>>>---n+p+p+p+p+p+p+$9.��0R�+�.--..�+��>>��+���.^�>�>n+�.n+���r(h�)>����ħ�n������v�(Z+�+0�+�(�=1=1 �)=1��)�-��r�?\��---�+�+�---�+....��������������������������������������������������������������������=1---------* J:	Prepare a 2 page report (1000 words) on: The development of the Consulting Engineering Industry and the role it plays in society today:
The history of engineering is the history of humanity itself. From the earliest civilisations, innovation and discovery through experience, observation and experimentation have lead to the creation and definition of certain ages. The history of civilizations, of economic development and social relationships, is intrinsically linked to engineering. Engineering is the application of scientific discovery with a social prerogative, be it infrastructure, technology, medicine or military. Engineers since the dawn of civilisation have been driven by a simple question: �How can we improve the quality of life for human kind?�
History is categorized by new discoveries and the engineering application thereof, from the Stone Age, through the Bronze Age, Iron Age, Steam Age, till the Information Age where we find ourselves today. Yet these inventions and applications were not isolated events of pure imagination and then creation, they were imbued with a social responsibility to improve and elevate the human race. 
Engineering is regarded as one of the oldest professions, as some evidence shows that individuals received payments for services rendered in the construction and fabrication of weapons over 150,000 years ago (UNESCO, 2010). Civil engineering as a profession soon followed their Military colleagues, providing infrastructure for compensation. Engineering�s progress into professionalization continued through the development of craft, guild knowledge, formalised education and mentorship�s. During the Middle Ages, patriarchal forms of engineering education were established as vocational technical schools of different types. As cultures evolved and scientific knowledge developed, our application of them grew more important. Galileo Galilee�s influence is still evident today, as he took a scientific approach to understanding the natural world and practical problems, using mathematical representation, structural analysis and design (UNESCO, 2010).
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the development of engineering reached a crucial period with the wave of innovation and the demand of invention and progress. In 1702 Germany created a school in mining and metallurgy. This was followed by the Czech Technical University founded in Prague in 1707, which is still one of the oldest technical universities. During the French revolution, there was also and engineering education revolution, with numerous institutions founded on the principles of mathematics and science. The French model influenced the development of polytechnic engineering education institutions around the rest of Europe (UNESCO, 2010).
In Britain engineering education was based on apprenticeship, rather than formal education. During the Industrial revolution in Britain, practical activity preceded scientific understanding. Britain did eventually formalise their engineering training and by the end of the nineteenth century most of the industrialized countries had established their own engineering education systems based on the French and German model (UNESCO, 2010). 
During the twentieth century, engineering continued the development of their professionalization through the creation of professional societies, journals, meetings, conferences and professional accreditation of exams, qualifications and universities. The aim of these societies is to ensure the continual professional development through training, sharing and flow of information. This aim will be achieved through the process of international agreements relating to the accreditation and mutual recognition of engineering qualifications and professional competence, such as the Washington Accord (1989), Sydney Accord (2001), Dublin Accord (2002), etc. 
During the various phases of Industrial Revolutions, the connection between engineering and capital became more apparent. This once again had lasting effects on the societies of the time.  The first Industrial revolution focussed on textile products, the second on railway and steam. The third Industrial revolution focused on steel, electricity and heavy engineering, which was followed by the fourth that focused on the oil, automobile and mass production. Finally we find ourselves in the information and telecommunications phase. All these developments and advancements orchestrated by the engineering profession had lasting and profound impacts on not only the economic landscape, but more importantly on the social, environmental and even political landscape (UNESCO, 2010).
Yet, engineering is overlooked in the annals of history, which either focuses on pure scientific discovery, or their economic implications. The large gap, the application, innovation and development from one extreme to the other has been ignored. It can be argued that engineering has contributed in both positive and negative ways to society and history. On the one hand through the advancement of science and engineering application we have improved the quality of life, with improved infrastructure, transportation, communication and access to medicine and something as basic as sanitation and running water. Regrettably most of these improvements have come at a price, be it social, environmental and even political. It is because engineering and its lasting impacts on society has been overlooked, that their importance and possible contribution is not understood and underrated. If the process, the connection or even the bridge between science and economic development were more readily understood, their consequences might be better managed and their negative impacts mitigated. Unfortunately, engineering is pushed to the periphery of the development dialogue. The future of engineering therefore lies in the way they position themselves in the global social dialogue, such as the implementation of the goals set out by the UN Millennium Development Goals. These include poverty reduction and sustainable development, climate change mitigation and the shift to sustainable, green, eco-engineering and associated design, technology, production and distribution systems and infrastructure. 
�The engineering profession plays a major role not only in the growth and development of a country�s economy but also in improving the quality of life for its citizens.� (UNESCO, 2010, pg 28)
It is within these challenges and obstacles where new opportunities lie for development, innovation and engineering application. We have been too slowly moving into the Age of Sustainability, and our lethargy will pay a very high cost. It is within these new challenges that the opportunity and importance of engineering is highlighted. Engineering is still facing the exact same question in regards to their role and responsibility in society that they faced at the outset of human civilisation, maybe just updated a little due to our greater understanding of the problem: 
�How can we improve the quality of life for human kind, in the most sustainable and responsible way?�

References:
UNESCO Report. Engineering: Issues Challenges and Opportunities for Development. UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France. 2010








		
Assignment Ref.Student NameStudent No.M1.A02Adriaan van den BergCCE000037Assignment TitleConsulting Engineering Industry and Your Company Overview


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